Sera Monastery in TibetChina is a multi-religious country. Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism have all developed into culture-shaping communities throughout Chinese history.
Freedom of belief is a government policy, and normal religious activities are protected by the constitution. For many of China's citizens, their religion is a defining feature alongside their national pride.
The Diversity of Religion in China
While many think of China as a homogenous culture, it may surprise you to learn that the religious scene in China is quite diverse. Most of the world's major religions are practiced by native Chinese people with great devotion.
In almost every city, you are sure to see a diverse range of ethnic groups participating in their historical religious traditions ranging from Buddhism to Christian Protestantism.
Religion and philosophyare often intertwined in China. Taoism andConfucianismare two examples of philosophical beliefs in China that also carry a religious element. Aspects of ritual and beliefs about the afterlife exist independently of the philosophies to create religious aspects to some of China's oldest philosophical beliefs.
The Growth of Religion in China
Leshan Giant BuddhaA 2015 Gallup poll reported that90% of Chinese citizens classify themselves as atheists or non-religious.
However, this is a difficult number to measure due to the fact that many people practice the rituals and thought patterns of various religions but would not classify themselves as a member of a certain group.
Chinese folk religion是一个很好的例子,人们如何看待宗教beliefs as a part of their way of seeing the world without putting a label on it. The folk religion is characterized by broad beliefs in salvation, prayer to ancestors and former leaders, and an understanding of the influence of the natural world.
The Major Four Official Religions of China: Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Christianity
Religion today is growing in diversity and openness to the worldwide context. No religion has ever assumed a dominant position in China. Foreign religions, influenced by time-honoredChinese Cultureand tradition, have gradually become fixtures with distinctive Chinese characteristics.
The four major religions in China (Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Christianity) each have a long history of influence. We will discuss each of the following in more detail below.
Buddhism
Longmen Buddhist GrottoesBuddhism spread from India to China some 2,000 years ago.
The majority of Buddhist believers are Han Chinese while Buddhist believers in Tibet also make up a sizable portion. They are typically from the Tibetan, Mongolian, Lhoba, Moinba and Tujia nationalities.
Buddhists make up the largest religious communities in China. However, since many Han practice a historical/cultural Buddhism rather than a daily practice, it can be difficult to count their exact numbers. See what else we have aboutBuddhism in China.
Recommended Buddhist Sites
- Jade Buddha Temple in Shanghai
- Bid Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an
- Dazu Rock Carvings in Chongqing
- Mt. Emei in Sichuan Province
Taoism
The Temple of Heaven is a famous Taoist temple located in Beijing.Taoism is native to China and has a history of more than 1,700 years. Its founder was Lao Tzu and its doctrines are based on his writings about the Tao or the Way. Taoism is centered on the "three treasures" which are: Humility, Compassion, and Frugality.
You are probably already familiar with some of the symbolism of Taoism without even realizing it. The famous Yin and Yang symbol is a foundational illustration os Taoist beliefs. In it, we can see the importance of harmony in the Taoist tradition.
It is considered a polytheistic religion and is still quite influential in rural areas inhabited by the Han Chinese and several minority groups, such as the Yao. Taoism also has a strong presence in Hong Kong, Macau, and Southeast Asia. Check out our other sources onTaoism in China.
Recommended Taoist Sites
- Mt. Tai in Shandong Province
- Mt. Huangshan (the Yellow Mountains) in Anhui Province
- City God Temple in Shanghai
Islam
Many beautiful mosques dot the landscape with traditional Islamic architecture.Islam spread from the Arab Countries to China more than 1,300 years ago. It now has more than 14 million believers among the Hui, Uyghur, Kazak, Ozbek, Tajik, Tatar, Kirgiz, Dongxiang Sala and Banan ethnic groups.
The Islamic followers mainly live in Provinces of Xinjiang, Ningxia, Ganxu and Qinghai in northwest China. There are also Islamic communities scattered in almost every city.
Chinese Muslims do not eat pork, dogs, horses, donkeys or mules. There are manyfamous mosques in Chinathat make excellent stops on a religious tour of China's culture.
Recommended Islamic Sites
- The Great Mosque in Xi'an City
- Idgar Mosque in Kashgar City, Xinjiang Province
- Dongguan Mosque in Xining City, Gansu Province
Christianity
A Catholic cathedral in GuangzhouCatholicism and other forms of Christianity began to make their way into China very early. In 635, a missionary of the Nestorian sect came to China from Persia. The religion was slow in gaining a strong foothold in China but is now well established.
It was after the Sino-British Opium War in 1840 that Christianity developed rapidly in China. Chinese Catholic and Christian communities grew in number and influence across the country.
Today, there aremany famous churchesthat make for interesting religious visits. Now there are more than 3.3 million Catholics and nearly 5 million Protestants in the country. Learn more aboutChristianity in China.
Recommended Christian Sites
- St. Ignatius Cathedral in Shanghai
- St. Sophia Orthodox Church in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province
- St. John's Cathedral in Hong Kong
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